"The uncertainty and risks of artificial intelligence not only bring new challenges, but also raise problems in various aspects such as law and social ethics." On April 19, at the seminar on "Strategic Challenges of Artificial Intelligence" held by the Institute of Science and Technology Strategy Consulting of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Pan Jiaofeng, president of the Institute of Science and Technology Strategy Consulting of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said.

He believes that in the context of artificial intelligence (AI) has become the new focus of international competition, we need to think calmly and forward-lookingly about the strategic challenges it faces at this critical stage of AI development.

In recent years, with the rapid development of artificial intelligence, the legal, ethical and other issues it has brought about have become increasingly controversial.

On April 4, initiated by a professor of artificial intelligence at the University of New South Wales, Australia, researchers from more than 30 countries and regions including the United States, Japan, and China signed an open letter urging the Korean Academy of Sciences to stop the research and development of artificial intelligence weapons.

Previously, on the evening of March 18, local time in the United States, a driverless car of Uber hit and killed a woman crossing the road in Tempe, Arizona, making it the world's first death from unmanned driving.

In response, Klaus, an academician of the European Academy of Sciences and Arts and a professor at the Technical University of Munich, who attended the seminar, told the China Science Daily reporter that the ethical issues of artificial intelligence have also triggered in-depth thinking from the academic and industrial circles in Germany. In June 2017, the Ethics Committee under the German Ministry of Transport released a report called "Automatic and Connected Driving", proposing 20 ethical rules that autonomous vehicles need to follow. This is the world's first self-driving car ethical principle.

In his opinion, machine learning is the main driving force for the continuous improvement of artificial intelligence systems at this stage. However, one of the limitations of machine learning is that most of the results exist in the form of a "black box", that is, people can only "know what it is" but "do not know why it is." This is one of the important reasons for the legal and ethical problems of artificial intelligence. Taking autonomous driving as an example, if an accident occurs, it is difficult for us to determine who should be responsible for it. It is also because of this that the solution to the ethical problems of artificial intelligence is closely related to the development of technology. Explanability and explanability are issues that need to be solved urgently in artificial intelligence systems.

Qiao Yu, a researcher at the Shenzhen Advanced Technology Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, introduced the latest advances in computer vision. He said that computer vision is one of the core areas of artificial intelligence and has produced widespread applications, but this field also faces problems that require further breakthroughs, from supervised learning to unsupervised learning, from reasoning to active learning, and interpretable learning.

"At present, scientists are mainly exploring the development of AI from two paths: one is the evolution of neural network algorithms represented by DNN (deep neural network), and the other is a breakthrough in brain science research." Wang Shijin, director of iFLYTEK Beijing Research Institute, said when introducing the progress of intelligent voice technology that relevant data shows that although China and the United States are currently in the first camp in the global development of AI, there is still a big gap between China and the United States in some innovative work.

Meiyinzer believes that AI will fully penetrate into our lives in the future and will have a decisive impact on the creation of the country's core strength. China will be one of the leading countries in the field of artificial intelligence, and may even be the leader. This status mainly depends on the scale of talents and their level of innovation. Therefore, education will be a strategic issue that ultimately determines the success or failure of AI competition.