Wuzhen Observation丨How To Crack The Ethical Risks Of Artificial Intelligence? Need A "combination Punch" Of Technology And Rules Urgently
Wuzhen Observation丨How To Crack The Ethical Risks Of Artificial Intelligence? Need A "combination Punch" Of Technology And Rules Urgently
21st Century Business Herald reporter Guo Meiting and Zhu Weijing Wuzhen reported. As early as 2016, he defeated professional nine-dan Go master Lee Sedol and world number one champion Ke Jie. In recent years, machine learning has made considerable progress in driverless driving, medical diagnosis, and even writing, painting, and writing poetry.A new round of technological changes and industrial transformation represented by artificial intelligence is reconstructing the global innovation map and reshaping the global economic structure, which not only creates broader development opportunities for countries around the world, but also brings risks in security ethics and other aspects. challenge.On November 10, the last sub-forum of the 2022 World Internet Conference -
21st Century Business Herald reporter Guo Meiting and Zhu Weijing Wuzhen reported
As early as 2016, he defeated professional nine-dan Go master Lee Sedol and world number one champion Ke Jie. In recent years, machine learning has made considerable progress in driverless driving, medical diagnosis, and even writing, painting, and writing poetry.
A new round of technological changes and industrial transformation represented by artificial intelligence is reconstructing the global innovation map and reshaping the global economic structure, which not only creates broader development opportunities for countries around the world, but also brings risks in security ethics and other aspects. challenge.
On November 10, the last sub-forum of the 2022 World Internet Conference - "Artificial Intelligence and Digital Ethics", was officially held in Wuzhen, Zhejiang. The forum is themed "The Industrial Direction and Ethical Orientation of Artificial Intelligence", focusing on security risk governance and digital ethics construction in the process of artificial intelligence's technology, application and industrial development.
The governance of artificial intelligence is imminent. How to promote the research and development of safe, trustworthy, controllable, reliable and scalable artificial intelligence technology? How to promote the construction of an artificial intelligence ethics system and the achievement of international consensus? How to ensure that artificial intelligence always develops healthily in a direction that is fair, just and beneficial to all mankind? The answers to these questions still depend on further exploration and pursuit.
"Far-thinking" has become "close worries"
In 1942, before the birth of artificial intelligence, American science fiction novelist Isaac Asimov first proposed in his novel that there may be ethical risks in the development of robots, and presupposed a method of avoiding risks, which is the well-known " Three laws of robots”.
Such warnings are based on the premise that machines' intelligence has surpassed humans. However, to this day, artificial intelligence is still like a turtle far behind in the "tortoise and hare race".
Zhang Biao, honorary dean of the Institute of Artificial Intelligence at Tsinghua University and academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, pointed out at the forum that artificial intelligence research is currently in the exploration stage, and progress is slow and there are multiple difficult-to-solve problems. Making super-human machines is not easy, and whether they can achieve super-intelligence goals through general artificial intelligence has always been controversial.
However, the impact of artificial intelligence on ethics and traditional norms has emerged in advance, and "long-term thinking" has become "close worries". "At the beginning of this century, when deep learning based on big data rose in artificial intelligence, people began to deeply feel that the ethical risks of artificial intelligence are right in front of them and governance is urgent," said Zhang Bian.
This aspect is due to the inherent flaws of artificial intelligence technology at this stage. Ni Xingjun, chief technology officer of Ant Group, pointed out that the new generation of artificial intelligence is driven by data and relies on the self-learning of machines, rather than the input of human information and knowledge, which may lead to the insolubrency, unexplainable and unreliable system. etc. In special areas closely related to social life, such as medical care, manufacturing, and finance, the consequences of machine learning models making mispredictions are often unacceptable.
On the other hand, the above flaws also bring opportunities for malicious abuse of artificial intelligence technology. For example, people maliciously exploit the fragility of algorithms to attack algorithms, resulting in the failure of artificial intelligence systems based on the algorithm, and even performing opposite destructive behaviors; using deep learning technology to fake it, creating a large number of realistic fake news, fake videos, Fake speeches, etc., disrupt social order and falsely accuse innocent people.
Zhang Biao believes that it is necessary to manage whether it is unintentional, misintentional or intentional abuse of artificial intelligence technology, but the governance nature of the two is different. The former formulates corresponding guidelines to strictly evaluate and supervise the research, development and use of artificial intelligence, and stipulates possible remedial measures after problems arise; while the latter depends on legal constraints and supervision of public opinion, with The meaning of compulsory governance.
"Fundamentally, the research and development of artificial intelligence must be people-oriented and responsible artificial intelligence is based on the ethical principles of fairness and fairness. To this end, we need to work hard to establish an interpretable robust artificial intelligence theory, and this foundation Only then can we develop secure, trustworthy, controllable, reliable and scalable artificial intelligence technologies, and ultimately promote the fair, just and application and development of artificial intelligence that is beneficial to all mankind. This is how we develop the third generation of artificial intelligence Zhang Yan advocates that people from different fields around the world participate in the research and governance of artificial intelligence, and through global cooperation, jointly formulate a set of standards that are in line with the interests of all mankind.
The "combination punch" of rules and technology
Artificial intelligence governance relies on the cooperation of rules and technologies to launch a set of "combination punches". In terms of rules, the construction of digital ethics and artificial intelligence ethics systems is an important tool in addition to laws and regulations.
Jiang Bixin, deputy chairman of the Constitution and Law Committee of the National People's Congress, summarized the necessity of ethics into "five origins", namely the duality of digital technology and artificial intelligence, and the boundlessness, transnationality, professionalism and non-transparency of digital networks. Sex, the limitations of legal norms, the incompetence of ethics and morality to human nature, and the dependence of cybersecurity on development and human morality.
In his opinion, building an ethical system should first start with the basic consensus of mankind, seek goodness, truth, beauty, correct ideas, participate in all subjects, incorporate all elements such as algorithms and data, and carry out full-chain and full-cycle norms. Design and guarantee with all tools such as industry standards, technical guidelines, political leadership, and technical cracking.
At present, relevant practices have been found worldwide. In November 2021, UNESCO issued the "Artificial Intelligence Ethics Initiative", which provides a basic document with the nature of international law for artificial intelligence governance from the perspective of the United Nations.
Gong Ke, former chairman of the World Federation of Engineering Organizations and executive director of China's New Generation Artificial Intelligence Development Strategy Research Institute, pointed out that this is the only international normative document on artificial intelligence released by the United Nations system so far. The initiative is based on international law and has extensive participation in the formulation around the world, reflecting a very important global consensus. It first lays the foundation for the entire artificial intelligence governance from an ethical perspective.
Self-discipline in enterprises also plays a crucial role. For example, this year, Alibaba Group also proposed six basic principles of science and technology ethics governance: adhere to the people-oriented value orientation, practice privacy protection, safety and reliability, universal integrity, and science and technology, and rely on the trustworthy, reliable and open co-governance technology that is trustworthy, reliable and open. method.
In terms of technology, Zhu Shiqiang, director of Zhijiang Laboratory and vice chairman of China Artificial Intelligence Industry Alliance, proposed to "frame the future direction based on technical standards." At the same time, around the new generation of artificial intelligence, through the implementation of dual-wheel drive of technology and knowledge, it will change its opacity and black box status; develop a series of tools such as cryptographic technology and data privacy platforms in the quantum era to curb bad applications; break through key technologies to ensure network security , develop a comprehensive infrastructure with an evolutionary basic structure, flexible and definable full-dimensional definable network, etc.
In addition, Latif Latid, chairman of the Global IPv6 Forum, also paid attention to the uneven distribution of unemployment and wealth caused by artificial intelligence. He suggested reflecting on improving the education system so that people can challenge more tasks and make more progress Innovative work.
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