With the widespread use of artificial intelligence products in human life, legal liability issues caused by artificial intelligence technology have gradually become prominent. From a legal perspective, Yu Ting elaborated on the responsibilities that two types of entities, including engineers and manufacturers, need to bear for the "evil consequences" caused by artificial intelligence. She believed that artificial intelligence agents do not yet have the ability to autonomously, and designers or manufacturers with profit needs influence or determine the behavior of artificial intelligence agents to a large extent. Therefore, they are obliged to be responsible for the behavioral consequences of artificial intelligence products.

02

philosophical responsibility perspective

As artificial intelligence technology has wider applications and ethical implications, scholars have also discovered new research directions and ideas. For example, Wang Shaoyuan and others start from the philosophical perspective of "bioethics" and advocate that under the condition that robots continue to become intelligent, ethical design can be used to improve the morality of robots and artificially make them assume certain ethical responsibilities. At the same time, the responsibilities of every human subject who designs, develops or uses artificial intelligence technology cannot be ignored.

03

Educational Responsibility Perspective

Nowadays, "education artificial intelligence" has become a new form of modern education development in China. The country has also introduced a series of policies and strategies for the development of artificial intelligence, paying special attention to the promotion of artificial intelligence education. Wang Qian and others explored the responsibilities of different users and artificial intelligence entities in the application of artificial intelligence, elaborated on the problems of ethical responsibilities and possible ethical risks, and advocated that humans should actively assume their own ethical responsibilities, pay attention to the ethical risks in the use of artificial intelligence, and promote the harmonious development of human-machine relations.

04

Medical Liability Perspective

Artificial intelligence provides a technical and theoretical basis for the development of the medical and health field, and plays a huge role in diagnosing conditions, assessing disease risks, and developing drugs. However, it has also led to many ethical issues, causing scholars in the fields of medicine, philosophy and other fields to pay attention to the issue of responsibility.

In addition to the strengthening of ethical responsibilities of smart medical technology, Zhang Rong and others also discussed the data security and subject disputes of artificial intelligence medical care, advocating that the focus of responsibility should be on designers, users and the public, and more comprehensively explored the scope of responsible subjects, requiring subjects to increase their awareness of ethical responsibilities and use smart products ethically.

Generally speaking, there is still a lot of room for improvement in research on the ethical responsibilities of artificial intelligence subjects, which is mainly limited to research on the subject responsibilities of artificial intelligence in a certain application field.

Causes of ethical issues in artificial intelligence

Analysis of the causes of ethical issues in artificial intelligence is still a relatively new research direction in China, which mainly includes three aspects: internal factors of technology, external environmental factors, and internal and external integration factors.

01

technical internal factors

Internal factors of technology refer to examining the various ethical impacts and consequences caused by artificial intelligence from the aspects of the algorithm, functional characteristics and uses of artificial intelligence technology itself. The lack of ethics in artificial intelligence technology is bringing ethical dangers that cannot be ignored to individuals, social development and even human survival.

02

external environmental factors

The external environmental factors of artificial intelligence ethical issues refer to exploring the causes of artificial intelligence ethical issues from the external environment such as laws and regulations, social concepts, and subject literacy besides technology. External environmentalists agree that the backwardness of ethical systems and moral norms has intensified the ethical risks of artificial intelligence and brought ethical impacts to all aspects of human life.

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internal and external integration factors

Some scholars combine the technology itself with external factors to explore the causes of artificial intelligence ethical issues from a more comprehensive perspective. Guyu comprehensively analyzed the causes of various ethical problems caused by artificial intelligence from three aspects: the limitations of technological development, the lack of ethical rules and the imperfect supervision system. He hopes to find reasonable solutions based on these reasons to avoid the damage caused by ethical risks and promote the healthy development of artificial intelligence.

Prospects for Artificial Intelligence Ethics Research

By sorting out and summarizing current research, it can be concluded that the number of papers on the ethics of artificial intelligence is gradually increasing and many new perspectives have emerged. However, it is not difficult to find that there are still a series of problems in domestic research, and further progress can be made in the following aspects.

01

Implementation of theory

At present, many principles are relatively vague and abstract, and it is difficult to apply the theory. No matter how perfect the theory is, it can only be a castle in the air if it cannot be transformed into concrete actions. Therefore, researchers need to be able to participate in the entire process of artificial intelligence research.

02

Systematic content

Since artificial intelligence itself is interdisciplinary, it is recommended to first organically integrate education, medical care, biology and other disciplines with artificial intelligence ethics research, and continue to conduct systematic research on the ethics of original disciplines while developing new subject areas; secondly, build a standardized academic sharing mechanism across multiple disciplines and fields; finally, draw on the latest research results and foreign research experience in various subject areas, based on the actual development of artificial intelligence in China, identify and solve problems in a targeted manner, and pay attention to the shaping of the development system of artificial intelligence ethics with Chinese characteristics.

03

innovativeness of direction

At the level of risk governance, it is recommended to conduct two-dimensional governance research starting from the subject of artificial intelligence, treat the identity of artificial intelligence with a more open attitude, and get out of the anthropocentric view may help to find new ideas for artificial intelligence ethics research. For the future construction of artificial intelligence ethics, artificial intelligence design should be carried out on the premise of respecting and understanding different ethnic and cultural backgrounds, and diversified artificial intelligence ethics should be constructed with a global and inclusive perspective, rather than blindly seeking universal governance solutions.

04

object balance

In the process of artificial intelligence ethical design, first of all, it is necessary to supervise and ensure that artificial intelligence designers strictly abide by ethical norms, so that ethical codes can truly penetrate into design behaviors; secondly, through a series of technical means, the uncertainty and unexplainable risks of artificial intelligence ethical behavior caused by the "algorithmic black box" in the deep learning process should be reduced as much as possible; finally, on the basis of effectively controlling artificial intelligence behavior and ensuring that it conforms to human ethics, society is called on to reduce "hostility" to artificial intelligence to a certain extent, treat artificial intelligence with an attitude towards new subjects, and rationally develop and utilize the functions of artificial intelligence subjects.

in conclusion

This paper reviews the current research progress of artificial intelligence ethics in China. It summarizes the current research status of artificial intelligence ethics in China from four aspects: AI ethics development, risk governance, subject responsibility and problem causes. It also looks forward to the future direction, hoping to serve as a starting point to promote the in-depth development of artificial intelligence ethics in China.

In order to effectively respond to the development needs of China's artificial intelligence ethics, we should accelerate the construction of an artificial intelligence ethics research framework with Chinese characteristics, vigorously promote the "implementation" research of artificial intelligence ethics theory, integrate the research results of experts and scholars in different fields, and encourage more information exchanges between disciplines, so as to promote the overall construction of the artificial intelligence ethics system.

Therefore, it is required that China's intelligent and digital development should comply with the practical needs of the country's scientific and technological ethics development, have a forward-looking perspective on the development trends of artificial intelligence, incorporate national policies and social ethical issues into artificial intelligence research, base itself on the present and focus on the future, and guide artificial intelligence to avoid evil and become good.

Authors of this article: Lu Yi, Cui Zhongliang About the authors: Lu Yi, School of Marxism, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, master's student, research direction is the philosophy of artificial intelligence; Cui Zhongliang (corresponding author), School of Marxism, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, associate professor, postdoctoral fellow in the Department of Philosophy, East China Normal University, research direction is the philosophy of artificial intelligence.