Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the processes and results of human intelligence being simulated by computer systems or machines, including perception, understanding, learning, reasoning, decision-making and other abilities. As a disruptive technology, artificial intelligence is profoundly changing human production, life and thinking methods, bringing huge potential and opportunities to economic and social development. However, the development of artificial intelligence has also triggered a series of ethical and moral issues. How to ensure the healthy, sustainable and responsible development of artificial intelligence has become a major challenge facing today's society.

The ethical and moral issues of artificial intelligence mainly involve the following aspects:

First, the issue of human subject status and dignity. With the advancement of artificial intelligence technology, artificial intelligence systems have increasingly possessed the capabilities of human thinking similar to human thinking, and even surpassed the capabilities of human thinking in some aspects. This raises a fundamental question: Will artificial intelligence threaten the existence of human beings as subjects and dignity? Will humans lose control over themselves and nature? Will humans be marginalized or replaced? These questions involve the relationship between humans and machines, as well as humans’ own values ​​and meanings.

The second is privacy and data security issues. Artificial intelligence applications need to be supported by massive information data, and these data often contain personal or organizational privacy information, such as identity information, behavioral trajectory, preference information, etc. If effective protection and management mechanisms are lacking, this data may be stolen, tampered, leaked or abused, thereby infringing on the privacy and data rights of an individual or organization. In addition, the data may also be biased or discriminated, resulting in unfair or inaccurate results.

The third is the issue of responsibility ownership and accountability mechanism. As the autonomy and complexity of artificial intelligence systems increase, it may produce some unpredictable or uncontrollable consequences, such as failures, errors, damages, etc. This raises an important question: Who should bear the responsibility when infringement or damage occurs? Is it the developer, provider, user or the machine itself? How to determine the responsible subject and degree of responsibility? How to establish an effective accountability mechanism and loss compensation mechanism?

Fourth, the issue of fairness and justice and social benefits. Artificial intelligence technology is widely used in various fields, bringing many conveniences and benefits to society. However, it may also cause some negative impacts, such as unemployment, income gap, digital divide, social differentiation, etc. This raises an important question: How to ensure the inclusiveness and inclusiveness of artificial intelligence technology? How to promote fairness, justice and non-discrimination in artificial intelligence technology? How to balance the economic and social benefits of artificial intelligence technology?

The following measures are needed to solve these ethical and moral issues:

First, establish and improve the ethical norms and standards of artificial intelligence. Based on the actual situation of the development of artificial intelligence, formulate and improve ethical principles to guide and regulate the development of artificial intelligence, clarify the rights and obligations of all relevant subjects of artificial intelligence, and put forward the basic ethical requirements that artificial intelligence should follow, such as improving human welfare and promoting fairness Fairness, protect privacy and security, ensure controllability and credibility, strengthen responsibility, improve ethical literacy, etc. At the same time, referring to international best practices, formulate and improve laws, regulations, technical standards, industry norms, etc. related to artificial intelligence to provide strong institutional guarantees for the development of artificial intelligence.

The second is to strengthen the education and training of artificial intelligence ethics. Through various forms and channels, strengthen the ethics education and training of artificial intelligence for the public, practitioners, decision makers and other relevant subjects, improve their awareness and awareness of the ethical and moral risks that artificial intelligence may bring, and enhance their awareness of the ethical and moral risks, and enhance their understanding of the situation. The ability to comply with and execute the ethical norms and standards of artificial intelligence, cultivate their ability to discuss and solve the ethical and moral issues of artificial intelligence.

The third is to promote the practice of ethical and moral governance of artificial intelligence. By establishing a diversified, open and collaborative artificial intelligence ethics governance mechanism, give full play to the role of relevant entities such as governments, enterprises, academic institutions, and social organizations, strengthen communication and cooperation and coordination, and promptly discover and effectively solve artificial intelligence. Various ethical and moral issues that arise in development have formed an artificial intelligence governance framework with broad consensus and participation.

Fourth, promote international cooperation and exchanges. Actively participate in the discussion and consultation on the ethics of artificial intelligence in international organizations and multilateral mechanisms, share China's experience and achievements in the ethics of artificial intelligence, advocate the construction of a new type of international relations with win-win cooperation as the core, and promote the formation of a global International rules and standards for interests and common values.

In short, artificial intelligence is a double-edged sword, with both advantages and disadvantages. Only on the basis of effectively preventing and resolving the ethical and moral risks it may bring can it better play its positive role in economic and social development and the progress of human civilization.